Working Safety With Photovoltaic Systems

Safety is a full-time and the responsibility of every
employee. Practicing safety requires:
• Good work habits and a clean work area
• Proper equipment and its use
• Awareness of hazards and how to avoid them
• Training in CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and
First Aid
• Periodic reviews of safety procedures
This booklet contains safety recommendations for people
who work with photovoltaic (PV) systems. Photovoltaic
systems produce direct current (dc) power from sunlight.
This power may be directed to dc loads or stored in electro-
chemical batteries for use when the sun is not shinning. Also,
it can be inverted to alternating current (ac) power for ac
loads or for transfer to an electric utility grid. This versatility of
PV power is one reason it is being used in an increasing
number of applications.
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INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL V.2

The Instrumentation and Control Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear
facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with
the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of instrumentation and control
systems. The handbook includes information on temperature, pressure, flow, and level detection
systems; position indication systems; process control systems; and radiation detection principles. This
information will provide personnel with an understanding of the basic operation of various types of
DOE nuclear facility instrumentation and control systems.
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INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL V.1

The Instrumentation and Control Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear
facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with
the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of instrumentation and control
systems. The handbook includes information on temperature, pressure, flow, and level detection
systems; position indication systems; process control systems; and radiation detection principles.
This information will provide personnel with an understanding of the basic operation of various
types of DOE nuclear facility instrumentation and control systems.
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ELECTRICAL SCIENCE V.4

The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility
operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with
the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory,
terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC)
and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive
components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test
instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation
for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical
equipment.
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ELECTRICAL SCIENCE V.3

The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility
operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the
necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory,
terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC)
and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive
components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test
instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation
for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical
equipment.
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ELECTRICAL SCIENCE V.2

The Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook entitled Electrical Science was
prepared as an information resource for personnel who are responsible for the operation of the
Department's nuclear facilities. A basic understanding of electricity and electrical systems is
necessary for DOE nuclear facility operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff to
safely operate and maintain the facility and facility support systems. The information in the
handbook is presented to provide a foundation for applying engineering concepts to the job. This
knowledge will help personnel more fully understand the impact that their actions may have on
the safe and reliable operation of facility components and systems.
The Electrical Science handbook consists of fifteen modules that are contained in four
volumes. The following is a brief description of the information presented in each module of the
handbook.
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ELECTRICAL SCIENCE V. 1

The Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook entitled Electrical Science was
prepared as an information resource for personnel who are responsible for the operation of the
Department's nuclear facilities. A basic understanding of electricity and electrical systems is
necessary for DOE nuclear facility operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff to
safely operate and maintain the facility and facility support systems. The information in the
handbook is presented to provide a foundation for applying engineering concepts to the job.
This knowledge will help personnel more fully understand the impact that their actions may have
on the safe and reliable operation of facility components and systems.
The Electrical Science handbook consists of fifteen modules that are contained in four
volumes. The following is a brief description of the information presented in each module of the
handbook.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Electrical Safety Handbook presents the Department of Energy (DOE) safety standards for DOE
field offices or facilities involved in the use of electrical energy. It has been prepared to provide a
uniform set of electrical safety guidance and information for DOE installations to effect a reduction
or elimination of risks associated with the use of electrical energy. The objectives of this handbook
are to enhance electrical safety awareness and mitigate electrical hazards to employees, the public,
and the environment.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY, O & M 2006

This Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) has been issued to provide
safety requirements for electrical workers. The requirements address various aspects
associated with work safety for electrical workers. Wherever specific instructions are
provided, the emphasis is on the job safety requirements; additional work instructions
will likely be necessary related to the actual work being performed.
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Design, Construction, and Operation SMALL WATER SYSTEMS

This manual is intended to provide guidance and criteria for the design and selection of
small-scale wastewater treatment facilities. It provides both the information necessary to select, size, and
design such wastewater treatment unit processes, and guidance to generally available and accepted references
for such information. For the purpose of this manual, small-scale wastewater treatment systems are
those with average daily design flows less than 379 000 liters per day (L/d) or 100,000 gallons per day
(gal/d), including septic tanks for flows less than 18 900 L/d (5000 gal/d), small prefabricated or package
plants for flows between 18 900 L/d (5000 gal/d) and 190 000 L/d (50,000 gal/d), and larger prefabricated
treatment systems with capacities of no more than 379 000 L/d (100,000 gal/d).
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