SOILS AND GEOLOGY PROCEDURES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES (EXCEPT HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES)

1-1.Purpose. This manual presents guidance for
selecting and designing foundations and associated
features for buildings, retaining structures, and
machinery. Foundations for hydraulic structures are not
included. Foundation design differs considerably from
design of other elements of a structure because of the
interaction between the structure and the supporting
medium (soil and/or rock).
1-2.Scope. Information contained herein is directed
toward construction usually undertaken on military
reservations, although it is sufficiently general to permit
its use on a wide variety of construction projects.
a.This manual includes-
(1) A brief summary of fundamental
volumetric - gravimetric relationships.
(2) Summaries of physical and engineering
properties of soil and rock.
(3) General descriptions of field and
laboratory investigations useful for foundation selection
and design.
(4) Design procedures for construction
aspects, such as excavated slopes and shoring.
(5) Empirical design equations and
simplified methods of analysis, including design charts,
soil property-index correlations, and tabulated data.
(6) Selected design examples to illustrate
use of the analytical methods.
b. Since the user is assumed to have some
familiarity with geotechnical engineering, design equa-
tions and procedures are presented with a minimum of
theoretical background and no derivations. The topics of
dewatering and groundwater control, pile foundations,
and foundations on expansive soils are covered in
greater depth in separate technical manuals and are only
treated briefly in this manual.
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Builder’s Foundation Handbook

This handbook contains a worksheet for
selecting insulation levels based on specific
building construction, climate, HVAC
equipment, insulation cost, and other
economic considerations. The worksheet
permits optimization of foundation
insulation levels for new or retrofit
applications. Construction details
representing good practices for the design
and installation of energy efficient basement
crawl space, and slab-on-grade foundations
are the focal point of the handbook. The
construction details are keyed to lists of
critical design information useful for
specifying structural integrity; thermal and
vapor control; subsurface drainage;
waterproofing; and mold, mildew, odor,
decay, termite, and radon control strategies.
Another useful feature are checklist chapter
summaries covering major design
considerations for each foundation type--
basement, crawl space, and slab-on-grade.
These checklist summaries are useful during
design and construction inspection. The
information in this handbook is drawn
heavily from the first foundation handbook
from the DOE/ORNL Building Envelope
Systems and
Materials Program, the Building
Foundation Design Handbook (Labs et al., 1988),
which is an extensive technical reference
manual. This book presents “what to do in
foundation design” in an inviting, concise
format. This handbook is intended to serve
the needs of active home builders; however,
the information is pertinent to anyone
involved in foundation design and
construction decisions including
homeowners, architects, and engineers.
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NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND PUBLICATIONS TRANSMITTAL HARBORS DESIGN MANUAL 26.1

Design criteria for experienced engineers are presented for harbors,
particularly with respect to requirements for military harbors of various
types to be used by naval vessels. The contents include general planning
criteria, functional layout, data sources, water-area elements of harbors
(channels, entrances, turning, berthing, and anchorage basins), and aids to
navigation.
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NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND PUBLICATIONS TRANSMITTAL 7.03

This military handbook replaces the Naval Facilities Engineering
Command (NAVFACENGCOM) design manual, DM-7.3. It contains
material pertaining to soil dynamics, earthquake engineering, and
special design aspects of geotechnical engineering. The soil
dynamics section of this handbook deals with basic dynamic
properties of soils, machine foundations, dynamic and vibratory
compaction, and pile driving response. The earthquake
engineering section deals with earthquake response spectra, site
seismicity, design earthquake, seismic loads on structures,
liquefaction, and base isolation. The special design aspects
section deals with seismic design of anchored sheet pile walls,
stone column and displacement piles, and dynamic slope stability
and deformation. This military handbook is to be used by
geotechnical engineers, working for the Department of Defense
(DOD), for guidance in designing military facilities.
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NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND PUBLICATIONS TRANSMITTAL 7.01

This manual covers the application of engineering principles by
experienced engineers of soil mechanics in the design of foundations and
earth structures for naval shore facilities. The contents include
identification and classification of soil and rock, field exploration,
testing, and instrumentation, laboratory testing, distribution of stresses
including pressures on buried structures, analysis of settlement and volume
expansion, seepage and drainage, and slope stability and protection.
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Engineering and Design of Pile Foundations

This manual provides information, foundation exploration and
testing procedures, load test methods, analysis techniques, allowable criteria,
design procedures, and construction consideration for the selection,
design, and installation of pile foundations. The guidance is based on the
present state of the technology for pile-soil-structure-foundation interaction
behavior. This manual provides design guidance intended specifically for the
geotechnical and structural engineer but also provides essential information
for others interested in pile foundations such as the construction engineer in
understanding construction techniques related to pile behavior during installation.
Since the understanding of the physical causes of pile foundation
behavior is actively expanding by better definition through ongoing research,
prototype, model pile, and pile group testing and development of more refined
analytical models, this manual is intended to provide examples and procedures
of what has been proven successful. This is not the last nor final word on
the state of the art for this technology. We expect, as further practical
design and installation procedures are developed from the expansion of this
technology, that these updates will be issued as changes to this manual.
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Retaining and Flood Walls

This manual provides guidance for the safe design and economical
construction of retaining and flood walls. This manual is intended primarily
for retaining walls which will be subjected to hydraulic loadings such as
flowing water, submergence, wave action, and spray, exposure to chemically
contaminated atmosphere, and/or severe climatic conditions. For the design of
retaining walls which will not be subjected to hydraulic loadings or severe
environmental conditions as described above, TM 5-818-1 may be used for
computing the loadings and evaluating the stability of the structure.
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Design of Pile Foundations

This manual provides information, foundation exploration and
testing procedures, load test methods, analysis techniques, design criteria
and procedures, and construction considerations for the selection, design, and
installation of pile foundations. The guidance is based on the present state
of technology for pile-soil-structure-foundation interaction behavior. This
manual provides design guidance intended specifically for geotechnical and
structural engineers and essential information for others interested in understanding
construction techniques related to pile behavior during installation.
The understanding of pile foundation behavior is actively expanding by ongoing
research, prototype, model pile, and pile group testing and development of
more refined analytical models. However, this manual is intended to provide
examples and procedures of proven technology. This manual will be updated as
changes in design and installation procedures are developed.
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Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations—Lessons Learned on the Central Artery/Tunnel Project

Pile foundations are used extensively for the support of buildings, bridges, and other structures to
safely transfer structural loads to the ground and to avoid excess settlement or lateral movement.
They are very effective in transferring structural loads through weak or compressible soil layers
into the more competent soils and rocks below. A “driven pile foundation” is a specific type of
pile foundation where structural elements are driven into the ground using a large hammer. They
are commonly constructed of timber, precast prestressed concrete (PPC), and steel (H-sections
and pipes).
Historically, piles have been used extensively for the support of structures in Boston, MA. This
is mostly a result of the need to transfer loads through the loose fill and compressible marine
clays that are common in the Boston area. Driven piles, in particular, have been a preferred
foundation system because of their relative ease of installation and low cost. They have played
an important role in the Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) project.
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Builder’s Foundation Handbook

The foundation of a house is a somewhat
invisible and sometimes ignored component
of the building. It is increasingly evident,
however, that attention to good foundation
design and construction has significant
benefits to the homeowner and the builder,
and can avoid some serious future problems.
Good foundation design and construction
practice means not only insulating to save
energy, but also providing effective
structural design as well as moisture, termite,
and radon control techniques where
appropriate.
The purpose of this handbook is to
provide information that will enable
designers, builders, and homeowners to
understand foundation design problems and
solutions. This chapter provides the general
background and introduction to foundation
design issues. Section 1.1 explains the
practical and economic advantages of good
foundation design.
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