STRUT AND TIE MODEL FOR DEEP BEAM DESIGN

A lthough the Strut and Tie
Method (STM) has been used
for several years in Europe1,2 and
has been included in the Canadian
Standard for the Design of Concrete
Structures3 since 1984 and the
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications4
since 1994, it is a new concept
for many structural engineers in the
U.S. Procedures and recommendations
for the use of STM to design
reinforced concrete members were
discussed in a State-of-the-Art
Report from Joint ACI-ASCE Committee
445, Shear and Torsion,5 but
specific code requirements were not
incorporated into the ACI Building
Code until the 2002 edition,6 as
Appendix A. To help U.S. engineers
improve their ability to use STM for
analysis and design of concrete
members, Joint ACI-ASCE Committee
445 and ACI Committee 318-E,
Shear and Torsion, recently completed
a publication that contains a variety
of STM examples.7 The STM model
used here for the analysis and
design of a deep beam is not unique.
It should be noted that the STM
procedure in Appendix A of the ACI
Building Code (referred to as the
Code) is a strength limit-state design
approach. Serviceability limit-states
(for example, deflections and
reinforcement distribution) defined
in the main body of the Code must
also be checked.
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DESIGN of REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS Download File

Basic tools of Reinforced Concrete Beam Design

Basic tools of Reinforced Concrete Beam Design Download File

Diaphragm Effects in Retangular Reinforced Concrete Building

Diaphragm Effects in Retangular Reinforced Concrete Building Download File

A Nonlinear Analysis Method for Perfomance Based Seismic Design

A Nonlinear Analysis Method for Perfomance Based Seismic Design Download File

A Simple Seismic Desiogn Strategy Based on Displancement and Ductility Compatibility
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Design Charts for Open - Channel Flow HDS 3 August 1961

Design of Highway Drainage Channels
The design of a highway drainage channel to carry a given discharge is accomplished in two
parts. The first part of the design involves the computation of a channel section which will carry
the design discharge on the available slope. This chapter briefly discusses the principles of flow
in open channels and the use of the Manning equation for computing the channel capacity.
The second part of the design is the determination of the degree of protection required to
prevent erosion in the drainage channel. This can be done by computing the velocity in the
channel at the design discharge, using the Manning equation, and comparing the calculated
velocity with that permissible for the type of channel lining used. (Permissible velocities are
shown in Table 2 and Table 3.) A change in the type of channel lining will require a change in
channel size unless both linings have the same roughness coefficient.
Types of Flow
Flow in open channels is classified as steady or unsteady. The flow is said to be steady when
the rate of discharge is not varying with time. In this chapter, the flow will be assumed to be
steady at the discharge rate for which the channel is to be designed. Steady flow is further
classified as uniform when the channel cross section, roughness, and slope are constant; and
as nonuniform or varied when the channel properties vary from section to section.
Depth of flow and the mean velocity will be constant for steady flow in a uniform channel.
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HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERNG

HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERNG
This manual has been prepared for use in cojunction with the textbook
HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERNG (4th editon).
The problems for solution in the book cover the material found in Chapters 1-11
The solutions manual is particularly inteded for use by course tutors.
It provides detailed method of solution for all of the problems in the 4th edition,
so that they can be integrated into the tutorial scheme for a hydraulics lecture programme.
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RIVER ENGINEERING FOR HIGHWAY ENCROACHMENTS

The purpose of this chapter is to lay the groundwork for application of the concepts of
open-channel flow, fluvial geomorphology, sediment transport, and river mechanics to the
design, maintenance, and environmental problems associated with highway crossings and
encroachments.
This manual is a basic reference for related Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) hydraulic
publications and National Highway Institute (NHI) Hydraulics Courses. Some of these
publications are: "Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways" (Bradley 1978), "Design of Riprap
Revetment" (Brown and Clyde 1989), "Evaluating Scour at Bridges" (Richardson and Davis
2001), "Stream Stability at Highway Structures" (Lagasse et al. 2001), "Bridge Scour and
Stream Instability Countermeasures - Experience, Selection and Design Guidance" (Lagasse
et al. 2001). Related NHI courses include:
(1) River Engineering for Highway Encroachments,
(2) Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges, and
(3) Finite Element Surface Water
Modeling System (FESWMS).
Basic definitions of terms and notations adopted for use in this document have been presented
in the preceding section (Glossary) for rapid reference. Additionally, these important terms and
variables are defined and explained as they are encountered.
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