Tools for forensic analysis of concrete structures

Computer-aided nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures has undergone tremendous
advancement since initial applications about four decades ago. Much research activity has occurred
in the realm of constitutive modeling of reinforced concrete and in the development of sophisticated
analysis algorithms. These advancements are well documented in various state-of-the-art reports (for
example, ASCE (1982)), and are still the subject of many specialty symposia and workshops. One
particularly powerful and popular approach to advanced modeling involves the use of nonlinear
finite element analysis (NLFEA) techniques. The development of such procedures has progressed to
the point where they are becoming practical tools for design office engineers.
Advanced analytical procedures are finding application as useful forensic analysis tools in
relation to damaged or ageing structures. NLFEA procedures can be used to obtain an assessment
of the safety and integrity of damaged or deteriorated structures, or structures built to superceded
codes, standards, or practices deemed to be deficient today. They can be of value in assessing the
behavior expected from retrofitted structures or in investigating and rationally selecting among
various repair alternatives. In cases of structural failure or collapse, NLFEA procedures can be
invaluable in determining the contributing factors and in suggesting remedial measures for future
designs.
There remain some concerns with the use of these advanced methods, however. Accurate
modeling of the complex behavior of reinforced concrete remains elusive, with many conflicting
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